Conversion to TOE

HOW TO CONVERT FROM ENERGY TO TOE?

According to chapter 3, Article 6 of Decree 21/2011 / ND-CP, Intensive Energy Users are industrial production facilities, agriculture, transport companies with total energy consumption in a year that is converted to equivalent 1000 tons of oil equivalent (1000 TOE) and higher. For construction buildings used as halls, offices, departments, educational building, medical building, entertainment centers, physical training and sport area; hotels, supermarkets, restaurants, shopping malls, the total energy consumption in a year is equivalent 500 TOE or higher.

So WHAT IS THE TON OF OIL EQUIVALENT (TOE) and HOW TO CONVERT FROM other ENERGY TYPES (as electricity, coal, oil, etc.) TO TOE?

The following writing will help explain more in details these questions.

In the reality, it’s essential for enterprises to use one or many different energy types (as electricity, coal, wood, oil, gas, etc.) for production. Each type of energy has other specification (calculating unit, heat value, greenhouse gas emission, etc.) that makes difficulties for enterprises to assess energy consumption at their factories.

To answer this question, the “Tonne of Oil Equivalent – TOE” is set up as comparative benchmark for different energy types.

1. CONVERSION OF ENERGY TYPES TO TOE FOR REFERENCE

No.	Type	Unit	TOE/unit *	MJ/unit **	CO₂Emission
No.	Type	Unit	TOE/unit *	MJ/unit **	kg CO₂/MJ ***	ton CO₂/unit
1.	Electricity	1000 kWh	0.1543	–	–	0.9130****
2.	Coal	Ton	0.7 – 0.75	29,309 – 31,402.5	0.0946	2.77 – 2.97
3.	Dust coal type 1;2	Ton	0.7	29,309	0.0983	2.88
4.	Dust coal type 3;4	Ton	0.6	25,122	0.0983	2.47
5.	Dust coal type 5;6	Ton	0.5	20,935	0.0983	2.06
6.	DO	Ton	1.02	42,707.4	0.0741	3.165
6.	DO	1000 L	0.88	36.845,6	0.0741	2.730
7.	FO	Ton	0.99	41,451.3	0.0774	3.208
7.	FO	1000 L	0.94	39,357.8	0.0774	3.046
8.	LPG	Ton	1.09	45,638.3	0.0631	2.880
9.	Natural gas (NG)	1000 m³	0.9	37,683.0	0.0561	2.114
10.	Gasoline	Ton	1.05	43,963,5	0.0693	3.047
10.	Gasoline	1000 L	0.83	34.752,1	0.0693	2.408
11.	Jet fuel	Ton	1.05	43,963.5	0.0715	3.143
12.	Rice husk/other biomass	Ton	–	16,100	0.100	–
13.	Wood / Reject timber	Ton	–	16,200	0.112	–

* TOE is based on official document 3505/BCT-KHCN, dated on 19/04/2011 for reference.

** Energy conversion factor is calculated based on converted value of 1TOE= 41,870 MJ, by IPCC.

Heat value (MJ/unit) for energy types is just for reference.

(https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/2018/03/emissions_scenarios-1.pdf)

*** Source for reference “2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories”, Chapter 2 Stationary Combustion”

**** Emission Factor (EF) calculating result of Vietnam Electrical Network for 2018, reference source by official document 263/BĐKH, 12/03/2020.

Beside providing with conversion factors (to TOE) of energy types of electricity, coal of all types, DO, FO, LPG, CNG, etc., the table above also mentions basic heat values (MJ/unit), greenhouse gas emission (kg CO₂/MJ and ton CO₂/unit) for reference in case of needed for enterprises.

2. EXAMPLE FOR ILLUSTRATION

Energy consumption in 2019 of Enterprise / Factory A is:

4,500,000 kWh of electricity consumption
1,500 ton of dust coal type 3.

Conversion is as follows:

Electricity to TOE: 4,500,000 (kWh)/1000*0.1543=694.35 (TOE)
Coal to TOE: 1,500 (ton of coal)*0.6=900 (TOE)
Total (electricity + coal) conversion to TOE: 694.35+900=1,594.35 (TOE)

In short, this example is reference for simple quick calculation for enterprises at site. ENERTEAM do hope that this writing can much help enterprises well know about definition of conversion of energy types to TOE as well as well learn about Decree 21/2011/NĐ-CP to positively respond to national target program on energy saving and energy efficiency during 2019 – 2030 at enterprises.

During the calculation at sites, in case there is any difficulties, please feel free to contact ENERTEAM to further instruction and consultancy from technical department in charge.